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1 стержневой грохот
Русско-английский политехнический словарь > стержневой грохот
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2 sikt
screen, sieve; transparency, viewanalyssikt; test sieveavvattningssikt; draining screendräneringssikt; drainage screendubbeldäckad sikt; double deck screenfinsikt; fine screen, undersize screenflerdäckssikt; multideck screengrovsikt; coarse screen, coarse sieve, rattergyratorysikt; gyratory screenharpsikt; wire rod screenklasserarsikt; sizing screenklasseringssikt; classifying screen, grading screennätsikt; mesh sieveplansikt; flat sieveprovsikt; testing sieveresonanssikt; resonance screenskaksikt; jig screen, jigger, jigging screen, oscillating screen, reciprocating screen, shaker screen, shaking sievespaltsikt; bar screenstandardsikt; standard sievesättmaskinssikt; jigging screentrappsikt; stepped screentrommelsikt; drum sieve, screening drum, sizing trommel, sizing trough, trommel screentrådsikt; wire screentvättsikt; scrubbing screenvibrationssikt; scalping screen, swinging screen, vibrating screenvindsikt; pneumatic separator -
3 проволочная сетка
1) General subject: wire guard (для лампы и т. п.), wire netting, wire-netting, wirecloth, wirework2) Naval: screen wire, wire screen, wire-mesh screen3) Engineering: wire cloth (для сит), wire fabric (для габионов), wire gauze (используемая в качестве фильтра), rod grid4) Construction: bricktor (для армирования кладки), wire gauge, (арматурная) wire mesh, wire net5) Railway term: mesh wire, wire mesh backet7) Forestry: linked fabric8) Oil: cage (в трубе), wire gauze, wire guard, wire-mesh section (ректификационной колонны), wire mesh, wire work9) Special term: chicken wire10) Silicates: link mesh belt (для армированного стекла), wire net (для армирования бетона), wire-rod screen, woven wire belt (для армированного стекла)11) Drilling: wire12) Polymers: wire sieve13) Plastics: wire mesh screen14) Makarov: wire guard (для лампы и т.п.)15) Security: fence fabric (для ограждений), wire fabric (для ограждений) -
4 стержневой грохот
1) Engineering: rod screen2) Construction: bare grizzly3) Mining: rod-deck screen4) Cement: bar type grate -
5 проволочное сито
1) Engineering: wire screen, wire sieve, wire-rod screen2) Mining: iron-wire sieve3) Metallurgy: wire mesh4) Food industry: wire cover, wire gauze5) Silicates: wire-mesh screen6) Makarov: wire cloth7) Cement: iron wire sieve -
6 сито с продолговатыми прямоугольными ячейками, длина которых до 25 раз превышает ширину
Mining: Ty-Rod screenУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > сито с продолговатыми прямоугольными ячейками, длина которых до 25 раз превышает ширину
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7 harpsikt
wire rod screen -
8 stång
bar, pole, rod, stemavvägningsstång; range poleborrstång; bore rod, boring rod, drilling roddragstång; drag bar, tension rodförlängningsstång; extension rodgallerstång; screen barjärnstång; iron barkuggstång; rack gearingnackstång; shank rodprofilstång; section ironrundstång; round barsexkantstång; hexagon barskarvstång; extension piece, extension rod, tension piecevinkelstång; angle bar, angle iron -
9 стержневая решётка
1) Naval: rod lattice2) Engineering: rod latitude (ядерного реактора)3) Ecology: bar screen4) Makarov: rod lattice (ядерного реактора)Универсальный русско-английский словарь > стержневая решётка
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10 решётка
( сушилки) floor, grate, grating, grid, grillwork, (напр. балочной фермы) lacing, lattice, latticework, matrix, ( волчка или мясорубки) plate, rack метал., screen, trellis, ( фермы) web, webbing* * *решё́тка ж.
grill; grid; grateрешё́тка аккумуля́торной пласти́ны — plate gridрешё́тка акти́вной зо́ны реа́ктора — core latticeанте́нная решё́тка — arrayанте́нная, полистиро́ловая решё́тка — polyrod arrayанте́нная решё́тка с электро́нным скани́рованием — electronically scanned arrayанте́нная, фази́рованная решё́тка — phased arrayа́томная решё́тка — atomic latticeвентиляцио́нная решё́тка — registerрешё́тка вибра́торов, пло́ская — planar dipole arrayрешё́тка водоприё́мника — screenвыбивна́я, вибрацио́нная решё́тка метал. — vibratory knock-out gridвыбивна́я, инерцио́нная решё́тка метал. — inertial knock-out gridрешё́тка громкоговори́теля — louvre of a loudspeakerдеио́нная решё́тка эл. — deion [deionization] gridрешё́тка дина́мика — grill of a (electrodynamic) loudspeakerдифракцио́нная решё́тка — (diffraction) gratingдифракцио́нная, гологра́ммная решё́тка — hologram [holographic] gratingдифракцио́нная, гру́бая решё́тка — coarse gratingдифракцио́нная, диэлектри́ческая решё́тка — dielectric gratingдифракцио́нная, ослабля́ющая решё́тка — attenuator gratingдифракцио́нная, отража́тельная решё́тка — reflection gratingдифракцио́нная, поглоща́тельная решё́тка — absorption gratingдифракцио́нная, ступе́нчатая решё́тка — echelon (grating)колоснико́вая решё́тка ( в топке) — the [shutter] grate, bar screenколоснико́вая, кача́ющаяся решё́тка — jigging [tipping, shaking] grateколоснико́вая, механи́ческая решё́тка — stokerколоснико́вая, накло́нно-перета́лкивающая решё́тка — reciprocating grateколоснико́вая решё́тка парово́го ко́тла — boiler grateколоснико́вая, перета́лкивающая решё́тка — shearing grateколоснико́вая, подви́жная решё́тка — travelling chain grateколоснико́вая решё́тка с механиче́ским забра́сывателем — spreader stokerколоснико́вая решё́тка с опроки́дывающимися колосника́ми — dumping grateколоснико́вая решё́тка с пневмати́ческим забра́сывателем — pneumatic spreader stokerколоснико́вая решё́тка с поворо́тными колосни́ками — moving grateколоснико́вая решё́тка с ручны́м обслу́живанием — hand-fired stokerколоснико́вая, ступе́нчатая решё́тка — step grateкристалли́ческая решё́тка — (crystal) latticeнару́шить упоря́доченность кристалли́ческой решё́тки — disturb the (direction of) order of a crystal latticeкристалли́ческая, базоцентри́рованная решё́тка — base-centred latticeкристалли́ческая решё́тка Браве́ — Bravais latticeкристалли́ческая, гексагона́льная плотноупако́ванная решё́тка — hexagonal close-packed latticeкристалли́ческая, гранецентри́рованная решё́тка — face-centered latticeкристалли́ческая, идеа́льная решё́тка — perfect [ideal] latticeкристалли́ческая, куби́ческая решё́тка — cubic latticeкристалли́ческая, обра́тная решё́тка — reciprocal latticeкристалли́ческая, объё́мно-центри́рованная решё́тка — body-centered [space-centered, volume-centered] latticeкристалли́ческая решё́тка основно́го вещества́ — host latticeкристалли́ческая, плотноупако́ванная решё́тка — close-packed latticeкристалли́ческая, простра́нственная решё́тка — space latticeкристалли́ческая, ромби́ческая решё́тка — (ortho) rhombic latticeкристалли́ческая, ромбоэдри́ческая решё́тка — rhombohedral [trigonal] latticeкристалли́ческая, сло́жная решё́тка — composite latticeкристалли́ческая, сло́истая решё́тка — layer latticeкристалли́ческая решё́тка с пло́тной упако́вкой — closed-packed latticeкристалли́ческая, стержнева́я решё́тка — rod latticeкристалли́ческая, тетрагона́льная решё́тка — tetragonal latticeкристалли́ческая решё́тка ти́па алма́за — diamond-type latticeрешё́тка ливнеспу́ска — catch-frameрешё́тка лопа́ток (компрессора, турбины) — vane cascadeрешё́тка моне́ты — tails of a coinнапо́льная решё́тка ( для штабелёвки грузов) — floor dunnageпредохрани́тельная решё́тка ( предотвращающая попадание птиц в двигатель) ав. — debris guardрешё́тка прито́чной вентиля́ции — plenum gridрешё́тка про́филей (глубины, компрессора) — blade cascadeрешё́тка радиа́тора — radiator grillраспредели́тельная решё́тка ( в головке экструдера) пласт. — breaker plateспрямля́ющая решё́тка ( аэродинамической трубы) — wind straightenerрешё́тка тензода́тчика — grid of a wire strain gaugeтрёхме́рная решё́тка — three-dimensional latticeтру́бная решё́тка — tube plate, tube sheet -
11 тяга
1. ж. tie, link2. ж. брит. амер. draught; draft3. ж. propulsion; traction; thrustразвивать тягу в … кг — deliver a thrust of … kg
реактивная тяга — jet thrust; jet propulsion
Синонимический ряд:влечение (сущ.) влечение; наклонность; склонность; страсть; стремление; тяготение; устремление -
12 przesiewacz rusztowy
• bar screen• grizzly• rod deck screenSłownik polsko-angielski dla inżynierów > przesiewacz rusztowy
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13 грохот с прутковой декой
Mining: rod-deck screenУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > грохот с прутковой декой
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14 грохот со стержневой декой
Mining: rod-deck screenУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > грохот со стержневой декой
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15 щелевидный грохот
Mining: rod-deck screen -
16 slå
bang, bar, bat, batter, beat, get the better of, bolt, chime, clap, cuff, dash, defeat, drive, foil, hit, knock, lash, latch, mow, pulsate, punch, ram, sock, strike, swipe, throb* * *I. (en -er) bolt;[ skyde slåen for døren] bolt the door;[ skyde slåen fra døren] unbolt the door;(se også lås).II. vb (slog, slået)( med objekt) ( banke, ramme etc) beat ( fx he beats his wife),( om enkelt slag) hit ( fx never hit a child in anger; has somebody hit you? hit below the belt),( hårdt) knock ( fx knock him on the head; knock him unconscious),F strike ( fx he struck (, hit) me in the face with his fist);( med flad hånd) slap ( fx slap him in the face (, on the cheek, on the back)),T thwack;( hårdt) bump, knock ( fx one's head);( også) stun him;(fig) it struck me that;( besejre) beat,(mere F) defeat,T lick;( i skak) capture ( fx a pawn);( overgå) beat ( fx that beats everything);(eng, græs) mow ( fx the lawn), cut ( fx grass);( tegne) draw ( fx a circle);( præge) strike ( fx a medal);( spille på et instrument) strike ( fx the lyre), play ( fx the harp);( i terningspil) throw ( fx he threw 5);( uden objekt) ( om ur) strike;( om fugl) warble, sing;( om hjertet) beat,( hurtigt, F) throb;( om sejl) flap;( om alkohol) be heady,T kick, have a kick in it;( om gevær) kick;takt);[ forb med sig:][ slå sig] hurt oneself ( fx did you hurt yourself?), be hurt ( fx are you hurt?);( om træ) warp,(om skinne etc) buckle;[ slå sig for brystet] beat one's breast;[ slå sig igennem] fight one's way through,( klare sig) manage, rub along,( økonomisk) make both ends meet, scrape by;[ slå sig ihjel] be killed,F lose one's life;[ slå sig løs] break away,( more sig) let oneself go, have one's fling,T let one's hair down;[ slå sig ned]( bosætte sig) settle;( også) make one's home in;[ slå sig op](fig) prosper (på by), rise in the world;[ slå sig på]( om sygdom) attack, affect ( fx the lungs);(fig) go in for something, take up something ( fx a sport);( tilslutte sig én) attach oneself to somebody;[ slå sig på flasken] take to (el. go on) the bottle, take to drink;[ slå sig på låret] slap one's thigh;(dvs skyde penge sammen) club together;[ slå sig sammen om at] join together to; club together to ( fx buy him a present);[ slå sig til], se ridder, I. ro;[ forb med præp & adv:][ slå `af]( fjerne ved slag) knock off, strike off,( i pris) knock off, take off;( om dirigent) break off;[ han var ikke til at slå et ord af] I (, they etc) couldn't get a single word out of him;[ slå af på](fig) reduce ( fx the price, one's demands);[ slå an]( begynde at spille) strike up;( om vaccination) take;[ slå bagud] kick up;[ slå bak](mar) reverse the engines,(fig) reverse one's policy;[ slå efter én] strike at somebody, aim a blow at somebody;(i en bog etc) look up something;[ slå ` efter i en ordbog] consult a dictionary;[ slå med sten efter] throw stones at;[ slå fast] fix, nail down,(fig) establish, prove ( fx his innocence), demonstrate;[ jeg vil gerne slå fast at] I want to make it absolutely clear that;[ slå fejl] go wrong; fail ( fx the crops failed);[ slå en for penge] touch (el. tap) somebody for money;am hit somebody for money;( slå løs) knock off,( maskindel, fx bremse) release,( slukke for) switch off;( uden objekt: slukkes) cut out ( fx the heater cuts out when the temperature reaches 20ø C);[ slå fra sig] defend oneself, fight back;[ slå det hen] pass it off,T shrug it off,( bagatellisere det) make light of it,T pooh-pooh it;[ slå noget hen i spøg] laugh something off, pass something off with a laugh;[ slå i bordet] thump the table,(fig) put one's foot down;[ slå bremserne `i] put (, voldsomt: jam el. slam) the brakes on,(fig) put the brakes on;[ slå døren `i] slam the door;[ slå en klo i], se klo;[ et brøl slog os i møde] we were met (el. greeted) by a roar;[ lugten slog os i møde] we were met by the smell;[ slå i stykker], se I. stykke;[ slå et søm i] drive (el. knock el. hammer) in a nail;[ slå et søm i væggen] drive (el. knock) a nail into the wall;( trænge igennem) strike through, come through,(om ideer etc) become generally accepted, penetrate,( om bog) make a hit,( om kunstner) make a name for oneself, come to the front, become recognized;( blive effektiv) work (its way) through ( fx the price rises will take two months to work (their way) through (to the shops));[ slå ihjel] kill,F put to death;[ slå tiden ihjel] kill time;[ slå imod] strike (against),[ slå ind] knock in,( med hammer) hammer in,( knuse) break, smash (in) ( fx a window, a door),( tøndestaver, skibsside) stave in;( i gartneri) heel in;( blive opsuget) soak in;( om sygdom) strike inwards;[ det slog ind med regn] rain set in;[ slå ind på](fx en vej) strike into, turn into, take ( fx a path, a road);F enter upon;[ slå itu] break, smash, dash to pieces;[ slå en halvtredskroneseddel itu] break into a 50-kroner note;[ han slog løs](dvs hamrede) he hammered away;[ slå kvæget løs] let the cattle loose;[ slå løs på en] pitch into somebody;[ slå med døren] slam the door;[ slå med nakken] toss one's head;[ slå med sten] throw stones ( efter at);[ fuglen slår med vingerne] the bird flaps its wings;(dvs få til at falde ned) knock down ( fx the vase);( sænke) let down ( fx the blind), lower ( fx one's visor), pull down;( folde sammen) put down ( fx an umbrella, a hood ( kaleche));( slå til jorden, slå i gulvet) knock down;( dyr) slaughter, kill, destroy;(afgrøde etc) put down, flatten;( i gartneri) heel in;( undertrykke) put down ( fx a rebellion, riots),( stærkere) crush (down),F suppress;( bringe til tavshed) silence ( fx criticism, protests);( falde) fall ( fx bullets fell among the crowd), drop;( om lyn) strike;[ slå feberen ned] get the temperature down;[ slå kraven ned] turn down one's collar;[ blæsten får røgen til at slå ned] the wind beats down the smoke;[ slå termometret ned] shake down the thermometer;[ slå øjnene ned] cast down one's eyes; drop one's eyes;[ det slog ned i ham] it suddenly occurred to him (el. struck him);(se også lyn);[ slå ned på]( om rovfugl) swoop down on ( fx its prey), pounce on;(fig: vælge, især til noget ubehageligt) pick on ( fx the teacher picked on me), fasten on,( begærligt) pounce on ( fx a mistake);[ slå hårdt ned på] clamp (el. crack) down on ( fx tax evasion);[ slå om]( vikle om) wrap round ( fx wrap a shawl round somebody), pass round( fx pass a rope round something);( uden objekt) ( om vejret) change;( om vinden) shift;( skifte mening) change one's mind;( skifte tone) change one's tune;( skifte emne) change the subject (of conversation);( skifte taktik) shift one's ground; reverse one's policy;[ slå armene om en] throw one's arms round somebody;[ slå om sig] hit out (in all directions),(med stok etc) lay about (one);[ slå om sig med citater, eder etc] lard one's conversation (, one's writings) with quotations, oaths, etc;[ slå om sig med penge] throw (el. chuck el. splash) one's money about, spend lavishly;[ det er slået om til tø] a thaw has set in;[ hans kærlighed slog om til had] his love turned to hatred;[ slå op]( åbne) open ( fx a book);( en plakat) put up, stick (up);( i strikning) cast on;(ord etc i bog) look up;( smøge op) turn up ( fx one's collar);( opreklamere) boost;( om flammer) leap up;(om lyd etc) surge up;[ slå en kaleche (, en paraply) op] put up a hood (, an umbrella);[ slå en latter op] burst into a laugh;[ slå en stilling op] advertise a post;[ slå æg op] break eggs (i into);[ slå øjnene op] open one's eyes;(se også I. brød);( i avis) splash something;[ slå forretningen (etc) stort op] start in a grand style;[ slå op i en ordbog] consult a dictionary;[ slå det op i en ordbog] look it up in a dictionary;[ slå op med hende] break off the engagement (with her);[ slå op på side 7!] open your book(s) on page 7! turn to page 7![ slå over]( om stemme) break;[ blive slået over bord ( af bølgerne)] be washed overboard;[ bølgerne slog over dækket] the waves washed over the deck;(se også bro);[ slå over i] change into ( fx English),( bevægelse) break into ( fx a gallop);(fig) change one's tune;[ slå på] beat (on), strike (on),( let) tap (on) ( fx tap somebody on the shoulder);(fig: antyde) hint at,( nævne) mention,( fremhæve) stress;(se også flugt, I. tromme);[ slå sig på] take to ( fx drink, gardening),( om sygdom) affect;[ slå sammen]( folde sammen) fold up ( fx a screen);( forene) combine, pool,T knock into one;(merk) merge, amalgamate ( fx two companies);( sammenfatte) lump (together), bracket (together);( lukke sig) close;( ramme hinanden) knock together;[ slå hælene sammen] click one's heels;[ slå hænderne sammen] clap one's hands,( i forfærdelse) throw up one's hands in horror;[` slå til] strike;( slå løs) hammer away,( slå hårdt til bolden) hit out,(fig) strike ( fx the Government decided to strike);( være nok) suffice,(" strække") last;( gå i opfyldelse) prove correct, come true ( fx his prediction came true), turn out to be true;( sige ja) accept, accept the terms (, the offer);(dvs rækker ikke langt) it does not go far;[ han syntes ikke han slog til] he felt inadequate,( i sit arbejde) he did not feel equal to the job;[ slå tilbage] throw back, push back;( angreb) beat off,F repel, repulse;( springe tilbage) rebound;( genlyde) be thrown back,F resound;(om fjeder etc) recoil;[ slå ud]( med slag) knock out;( knuse, fx rude) break, smash;( folde ud) spread ( fx the bird spread its wings),( om hår) let down;( hælde ud) pour out,( en spand) empty;(i boksning og fig) knock out;( rival, konkurrent) cut out;( om flammer og røg) burst out, pour out;( om sygdom) break out;( få udslæt) break (el. come) out in spots (, in a rash);[ slå glasset ud af hånden på én] knock the glass out of somebody's hand;(fig) he was quite finished;(fig: lytte) prick up one's ears;[ slå det ud af hovedet] put it out of one's head;[ slå ud efter] hit out at;[ slå ud i lys lue], se I. lue;[ slå ud med armene] gesticulate,( ubehersket) fling one's arms about;[ slå øjet ud på én] knock out somebody's eye. -
17 испытание
1. с. test2. с. trial, run, experimentбалансовое испытание — heat losses test; boiler efficiency test
Синонимический ряд:1. проверка (сущ.) проба; пробу; проверка2. экзамен (сущ.) экзамен -
18 фиксатор
1. м. fixing arm, fixing rod, catch, lock; locator, index2. м. hold element, hold circuitфиксирующая схема; фиксатор — clamping circuit
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19 Edison, Thomas Alva
SUBJECT AREA: Architecture and building, Automotive engineering, Electricity, Electronics and information technology, Metallurgy, Photography, film and optics, Public utilities, Recording, Telecommunications[br]b. 11 February 1847 Milan, Ohio, USAd. 18 October 1931 Glenmont[br]American inventor and pioneer electrical developer.[br]He was the son of Samuel Edison, who was in the timber business. His schooling was delayed due to scarlet fever until 1855, when he was 8½ years old, but he was an avid reader. By the age of 14 he had a job as a newsboy on the railway from Port Huron to Detroit, a distance of sixty-three miles (101 km). He worked a fourteen-hour day with a stopover of five hours, which he spent in the Detroit Free Library. He also sold sweets on the train and, later, fruit and vegetables, and was soon making a profit of $20 a week. He then started two stores in Port Huron and used a spare freight car as a laboratory. He added a hand-printing press to produce 400 copies weekly of The Grand Trunk Herald, most of which he compiled and edited himself. He set himself to learn telegraphy from the station agent at Mount Clements, whose son he had saved from being run over by a freight car.At the age of 16 he became a telegraphist at Port Huron. In 1863 he became railway telegraphist at the busy Stratford Junction of the Grand Trunk Railroad, arranging a clock with a notched wheel to give the hourly signal which was to prove that he was awake and at his post! He left hurriedly after failing to hold a train which was nearly involved in a head-on collision. He usually worked the night shift, allowing himself time for experiments during the day. His first invention was an arrangement of two Morse registers so that a high-speed input could be decoded at a slower speed. Moving from place to place he held many positions as a telegraphist. In Boston he invented an automatic vote recorder for Congress and patented it, but the idea was rejected. This was the first of a total of 1180 patents that he was to take out during his lifetime. After six years he resigned from the Western Union Company to devote all his time to invention, his next idea being an improved ticker-tape machine for stockbrokers. He developed a duplex telegraphy system, but this was turned down by the Western Union Company. He then moved to New York.Edison found accommodation in the battery room of Law's Gold Reporting Company, sleeping in the cellar, and there his repair of a broken transmitter marked him as someone of special talents. His superior soon resigned, and he was promoted with a salary of $300 a month. Western Union paid him $40,000 for the sole rights on future improvements on the duplex telegraph, and he moved to Ward Street, Newark, New Jersey, where he employed a gathering of specialist engineers. Within a year, he married one of his employees, Mary Stilwell, when she was only 16: a daughter, Marion, was born in 1872, and two sons, Thomas and William, in 1876 and 1879, respectively.He continued to work on the automatic telegraph, a device to send out messages faster than they could be tapped out by hand: that is, over fifty words per minute or so. An earlier machine by Alexander Bain worked at up to 400 words per minute, but was not good over long distances. Edison agreed to work on improving this feature of Bain's machine for the Automatic Telegraph Company (ATC) for $40,000. He improved it to a working speed of 500 words per minute and ran a test between Washington and New York. Hoping to sell their equipment to the Post Office in Britain, ATC sent Edison to England in 1873 to negotiate. A 500-word message was to be sent from Liverpool to London every half-hour for six hours, followed by tests on 2,200 miles (3,540 km) of cable at Greenwich. Only confused results were obtained due to induction in the cable, which lay coiled in a water tank. Edison returned to New York, where he worked on his quadruplex telegraph system, tests of which proved a success between New York and Albany in December 1874. Unfortunately, simultaneous negotiation with Western Union and ATC resulted in a lawsuit.Alexander Graham Bell was granted a patent for a telephone in March 1876 while Edison was still working on the same idea. His improvements allowed the device to operate over a distance of hundreds of miles instead of only a few miles. Tests were carried out over the 106 miles (170 km) between New York and Philadelphia. Edison applied for a patent on the carbon-button transmitter in April 1877, Western Union agreeing to pay him $6,000 a year for the seventeen-year duration of the patent. In these years he was also working on the development of the electric lamp and on a duplicating machine which would make up to 3,000 copies from a stencil. In 1876–7 he moved from Newark to Menlo Park, twenty-four miles (39 km) from New York on the Pennsylvania Railway, near Elizabeth. He had bought a house there around which he built the premises that would become his "inventions factory". It was there that he began the use of his 200- page pocket notebooks, each of which lasted him about two weeks, so prolific were his ideas. When he died he left 3,400 of them filled with notes and sketches.Late in 1877 he applied for a patent for a phonograph which was granted on 19 February 1878, and by the end of the year he had formed a company to manufacture this totally new product. At the time, Edison saw the device primarily as a business aid rather than for entertainment, rather as a dictating machine. In August 1878 he was granted a British patent. In July 1878 he tried to measure the heat from the solar corona at a solar eclipse viewed from Rawlins, Wyoming, but his "tasimeter" was too sensitive.Probably his greatest achievement was "The Subdivision of the Electric Light" or the "glow bulb". He tried many materials for the filament before settling on carbon. He gave a demonstration of electric light by lighting up Menlo Park and inviting the public. Edison was, of course, faced with the problem of inventing and producing all the ancillaries which go to make up the electrical system of generation and distribution-meters, fuses, insulation, switches, cabling—even generators had to be designed and built; everything was new. He started a number of manufacturing companies to produce the various components needed.In 1881 he built the world's largest generator, which weighed 27 tons, to light 1,200 lamps at the Paris Exhibition. It was later moved to England to be used in the world's first central power station with steam engine drive at Holborn Viaduct, London. In September 1882 he started up his Pearl Street Generating Station in New York, which led to a worldwide increase in the application of electric power, particularly for lighting. At the same time as these developments, he built a 1,300yd (1,190m) electric railway at Menlo Park.On 9 August 1884 his wife died of typhoid. Using his telegraphic skills, he proposed to 19-year-old Mina Miller in Morse code while in the company of others on a train. He married her in February 1885 before buying a new house and estate at West Orange, New Jersey, building a new laboratory not far away in the Orange Valley.Edison used direct current which was limited to around 250 volts. Alternating current was largely developed by George Westinghouse and Nicola Tesla, using transformers to step up the current to a higher voltage for long-distance transmission. The use of AC gradually overtook the Edison DC system.In autumn 1888 he patented a form of cinephotography, the kinetoscope, obtaining film-stock from George Eastman. In 1893 he set up the first film studio, which was pivoted so as to catch the sun, with a hinged roof which could be raised. In 1894 kinetoscope parlours with "peep shows" were starting up in cities all over America. Competition came from the Latham Brothers with a screen-projection machine, which Edison answered with his "Vitascope", shown in New York in 1896. This showed pictures with accompanying sound, but there was some difficulty with synchronization. Edison also experimented with captions at this early date.In 1880 he filed a patent for a magnetic ore separator, the first of nearly sixty. He bought up deposits of low-grade iron ore which had been developed in the north of New Jersey. The process was a commercial success until the discovery of iron-rich ore in Minnesota rendered it uneconomic and uncompetitive. In 1898 cement rock was discovered in New Village, west of West Orange. Edison bought the land and started cement manufacture, using kilns twice the normal length and using half as much fuel to heat them as the normal type of kiln. In 1893 he met Henry Ford, who was building his second car, at an Edison convention. This started him on the development of a battery for an electric car on which he made over 9,000 experiments. In 1903 he sold his patent for wireless telegraphy "for a song" to Guglielmo Marconi.In 1910 Edison designed a prefabricated concrete house. In December 1914 fire destroyed three-quarters of the West Orange plant, but it was at once rebuilt, and with the threat of war Edison started to set up his own plants for making all the chemicals that he had previously been buying from Europe, such as carbolic acid, phenol, benzol, aniline dyes, etc. He was appointed President of the Navy Consulting Board, for whom, he said, he made some forty-five inventions, "but they were pigeonholed, every one of them". Thus did Edison find that the Navy did not take kindly to civilian interference.In 1927 he started the Edison Botanic Research Company, founded with similar investment from Ford and Firestone with the object of finding a substitute for overseas-produced rubber. In the first year he tested no fewer than 3,327 possible plants, in the second year, over 1,400, eventually developing a variety of Golden Rod which grew to 14 ft (4.3 m) in height. However, all this effort and money was wasted, due to the discovery of synthetic rubber.In October 1929 he was present at Henry Ford's opening of his Dearborn Museum to celebrate the fiftieth anniversary of the incandescent lamp, including a replica of the Menlo Park laboratory. He was awarded the Congressional Gold Medal and was elected to the American Academy of Sciences. He died in 1931 at his home, Glenmont; throughout the USA, lights were dimmed temporarily on the day of his funeral.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsMember of the American Academy of Sciences. Congressional Gold Medal.Further ReadingM.Josephson, 1951, Edison, Eyre \& Spottiswode.R.W.Clark, 1977, Edison, the Man who Made the Future, Macdonald \& Jane.IMcN
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